Bava Kamma 22

Chapter 22

א דיש מקצת שליא בלא ולד וגזירה מקצתה אטו כולה קמ"ל
1 that it is quite possible for a part of a placenta to emerge without a fetus, but that owing to a [Rabbinic] decree a part of a placenta is in practice treated like the whole of it;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of mere apprehension, lest no distinction will he made between the emergence of the whole of the placenta and a part of it. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב ואמר עולא אמר רבי אלעזר בכור שנטרף בתוך ל' יום אין פודין אותו
2 it is therefore made known to us<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the statement of 'Ulla on behalf of R. Eleazar, ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג וכן תני רמי בר חמא מתוך שנאמר (במדבר יח, טו) פדה תפדה יכול אפי' נטרף בתוך ל' יום ת"ל אך חלק
3 that this is not the case.
ד ואמר עולא א"ר אלעזר בהמה גסה נקנית במשיכה
4 'Ulla further said on behalf of R. Eleazar: A first-born son who has been killed within thirty days [of his birth] need not be redeemed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Notwithstanding Num. XVIII, 15-16. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ה והא אנן תנן במסירה הוא דאמר כי האי תנא דתניא וחכ"א זו וזו במשיכה ר"ש אומר זו וזו בהגבהה
5 The same has been taught by Rami b. Hama: From the verse, <i>Shalt thou surely redeem</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 15. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ו ואמר עולא אמר ר' אלעזר האחין שחלקו מה שעליהן שמין ומה שעל בניהן ובנותיהן אין שמין
6 one might infer that this would apply even when the firstborn was killed within thirty days [of his birth]; there is therefore inserted the term <i>'but'</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hebrew 'Ak [H] being a particle of limitation. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ז אמר רב פפא פעמים אף מה שעליהן אין שמין משכחת לה בגדול אחי דניחא להו דלשתמעון מיליה
7 to exclude it.
ח ואמר עולא א"ר אלעזר שומר שמסר לשומר פטור ולא מיבעיא שומר חנם שמסר לשומר שכר דעלויי עלייה לשמירתו אלא אפילו שומר שכר שמסר לשומר חנם דהשתא גרועי גרעיה לשמירתו נמי פטור שהרי מסר לבן דעת
8 'Ulla further said on behalf of R. Eleazar: [Title to] large cattle is acquired by 'pulling'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., by the buyer; v, Glos. s.v. Meshikah. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ט רבא אמר שומר שמסר לשומר חייב ולא מיבעיא שומר שכר שמסר לשומר חנם דגרועי גרעיה לשמירתו אלא אפילו שומר חנם שמסר לשומר שכר חייב
9 But did we not learn,&nbsp;… by 'delivery'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' l.e., by the seller handing over the bit to the buyer; Kid. 25b. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
י דאמר ליה את מהימנת לי בשבועה האי לא מהימן לי בשבועה
10 — He<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., 'Ulla on behalf of R. Eleazar. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
יא ואמר עולא א"ר אלעזר הלכתא גובין מן העבדים
11 follows another Tanna; for it has been taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Kid. 25b and B.B. 86b. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יב אמר ליה ר"נ לעולא אמר רבי אלעזר אפי' מיתמי לא מיניה מיניה אפי' מגלימא דעל כתפיה
12 The Rabbis say: Both one and the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. Large and small cattle. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יג הכא במאי עסקינן שעשאו אפותיקי כדרבא דאמר רבא עשה עבדו אפותיקי ומכרו בעל חוב גובה הימנו שורו אפותיקי ומכרו אין ב"ח גובה הימנו
13 [are acquired] by 'pulling'. R. Simeon says: Both one and the other by 'lifting up'.
יד מ"ט הא אית ליה קלא והא לית ליה קלא
14 'Ulla further said on behalf of R. Eleazar: In the case of heirs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'brothers'. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> who are about to divide the estate among themselves, whatever is worn by them will [also] be assessed [and taken into account], but that which is worn by their sons and daughters is not assessed [and not taken into account].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As it would be a degradation to them to be forced to appear before the court. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> R. Papa said: There are circumstances when even that which is worn by the heirs themselves is not assessed. This exception applies to the eldest of the heirs,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In charge of the administration of the affairs of the heirs. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> as it is in the interest of them all that his words should be respected. 'Ulla further said on behalf of R. Eleazar: One bailee handing over his charge to another bailee does not incur thereby any liability.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf.B.M. 36a. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> This ruling unquestionably applies to an unpaid bailee handing over his charge to a paid bailee in which case there is a definite improvement in the care; but even when a paid bailee hands over his charge to an unpaid bailee where there is definitely a decrease in the care, still he thereby incurs no liability, since he transfers his charge to a responsible person. Raba, however, said: One bailee handing over his charge to another bailee becomes liable for all consequences. This ruling unquestionably holds good in the case of a paid bailee handing over his charge to an unpaid bailee where there is a definite decrease in the care; but even when an unpaid bailee hands over his charge to a paid bailee, where there is definitely an improvement in the care, still he becomes liable for all consequences, as the depositor may say [to the original bailee]: You would be trusted by me [should occasion demand] an oath [from you], but your substitute would not be trusted by me in the oath [which he may be required to take].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The original bailee has thus committed a breach of the trust. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> 'Ulla further said on behalf of R. Eleazar: The law is that distraint may be made on slaves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. B.B. 128a. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> Said R. Nahman to 'Ulla: Did R. Eleazar apply this statement even in the case of heirs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who inherited the slaves; v. supra p. 31. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> [of the debtor]? — No, Only to the debtor himself. To the debtor himself? Could not a debt be collected even from the cloak upon his shoulder?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why then speak about slaves? ');"><sup>18</sup></span> — We are dealing here with a case where a slave was mortgaged,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the debtor who had meanwhile died. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> as in the case stated by Raba, for Raba said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 33b and B.B. 44b. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> Where a debtor mortgaged his slave and then sold him [to another person], the creditor may distrain on him [in the hands of the purchaser]. But where an ox was mortgaged and afterwards sold, the creditor cannot distrain on it [in the hands of the purchaser], the reason [for the distinction] being that in the former case the transaction of the mortgage aroused public interest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the purchaser was no doubt aware of it and should consequently not have bought it. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> whereas in the latter case no public interest was aroused.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the purchaser is not to blame. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>